使用示例

您可以参见以下使用示例基于CentOS 6.9系统创建本地镜像：

1. 运行egrep "(svm|vmx)" /proc/cpuinfo命令，查看您的源服务器或虚拟机是否支持KVM。
   返回如下信息时，表示支持KVM。

   pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch epb intel_pt tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp
   flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov

2. 若您的源服务器或者虚拟机支持KVM，依次运行以下命令安装KVM。

   1. sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm qemu virt-manager virt-viewer  libvirt-bin bridge-utils  #安装KVM及相关控件

   2. sudo virt-manager  #开启virt-manager

   如果可以通过GUI创建虚拟机，表示您已经成功安装KVM。
3. 安装Packer。
   详细步骤，请参见 安装Packer。
4. 依次运行以下命令定义Packer模板。
   说明 以下示例命令基于CentOS 6.9系统。如果您需要为其他操作系统制作镜像，请根据需要自定义Packer模板配置文件 centos.json，详情请参见 自定义Packer模板。

   1. cd /usr/local  #切换所在目录

   2. wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alibaba/packer-provider/master/examples/alicloud/local/centos.json  #下载阿里云官方发行的centos.json配置文件

   3. wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alibaba/packer-provider/master/examples/alicloud/local/http/centos-6.9/ks.cfg  #下载阿里云官方发行的ks.cfg配置文件

   4. mkdir -p http/centos-6.9  #创建目录

   5. mv ks.cfg http/centos-6.9/  #移动文件ks.cfg到目录http/centos-6.9中

5. 依次运行以下命令创建并导入本地镜像。

   1. export ALICLOUD_ACCESS_KEY=<您的AccessKeyID>      #导入您的AccessKeyID

   2. export ALICLOUD_SECRET_KEY=<您的AccessKeySecret>  #导入您的AccessKeySecret

   3. packer build centos.json                          #创建本地镜像并导入到阿里云平台

   运行的示例结果如下：

   qemu output will be in this color.
    ==> qemu: Downloading or copying ISO
        qemu: Downloading or copying: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.9/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.9-x86_64-minimal.iso
    ................................................
    ==> qemu: Running post-processor: alicloud-import
        qemu (alicloud-import): Deleting import source https://oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/packer/centos_x86_64
    Build 'qemu' finished.
    ==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are:
    --> qemu: Alicloud images were created:
    cn-beijing: XXXXXXXX

6. 等待一段时间后，在对应地域的ECS控制台镜像详情页查看上传结果，如示例中的华北二。

自定义Packer模板

{"variables": {
        "box_basename": "centos-6.9",
        "build_timestamp": "{{isotime \"20060102150405\"}}",
        "cpus": "1",
        "disk_size": "4096",
        "git_revision": "__unknown_git_revision__",
        "headless": "",
        "http_proxy": "{{env `http_proxy`}}",
        "https_proxy": "{{env `https_proxy`}}",
        "iso_checksum_type": "md5",
        "iso_checksum": "af4axxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx192a2",
        "iso_name": "CentOS-6.9-x86_64-minimal.iso",
        "ks_path": "centos-6.9/ks.cfg",
        "memory": "512",
        "metadata": "floppy/dummy_metadata.json",
        "mirror": "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos",
        "mirror_directory": "6.9/isos/x86_64",
        "name": "centos-6.9",
        "no_proxy": "{{env `no_proxy`}}",
        "template": "centos-6.9-x86_64",
        "version": "2.1.TIMESTAMP"
      },
    "builders":[
        {
          "boot_command": [
            "<tab> text ks=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/{{user `ks_path`}}<enter><wait>"
          ],
          "boot_wait": "10s",
          "disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
          "headless": "{{ user `headless` }}",
          "http_directory": "http",
          "iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
          "iso_checksum_type": "{{user `iso_checksum_type`}}",
          "iso_url": "{{user `mirror`}}/{{user `mirror_directory`}}/{{user `iso_name`}}",
          "output_directory": "packer-{{user `template`}}-qemu",
          "shutdown_command": "echo 'vagrant'|sudo -S /sbin/halt -h -p",
          "ssh_password": "vagrant",
          "ssh_port": 22,
          "ssh_username": "root",
          "ssh_wait_timeout": "10000s",
          "type": "qemu",
          "vm_name": "{{ user `template` }}.raw",
          "net_device": "virtio-net",
          "disk_interface": "virtio",
          "format": "raw"
        }
      ],
    "provisioners": [{
          "type": "shell",
          "inline": [
                "sleep 30",
                "yum install cloud-util cloud-init -y"
              ]
        }],
      "post-processors":[
        {
          "type":"alicloud-import",
          "oss_bucket_name": "packer",
          "image_name": "packer_import",
          "image_os_type": "linux",
          "image_platform": "CentOS",
          "image_architecture": "x86_64",
          "image_system_size": "40",
          "region":"cn-beijing"
        }
      ]
}