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云服务器ECS支持按需创建资源。您可以在业务高峰期按需弹性地创建自定义资源，完成业务计算时释放资源。本文介绍如何通过Python SDK释放ECS实例。

背景信息

释放ECS实例后，实例所使用的物理资源将被回收，包括磁盘及快照，相关数据将全部丢失且永久不可恢复。如果您还想继续使用相关的数据，建议您释放ECS实例之前一定要对磁盘数据做快照，下次创建ECS实例时可以直接通过快照创建资源。

本文提供了释放ECS实例的完整代码示例，并提供了代码示例解析，请参见：

停止ECS实例
释放ECS实例
设置ECS实例的自动释放时间
取消自动释放设置

更多代码示例请参见阿里云代码示例库（CodeSample）。

完整代码

本文的完整代码如下所示。

说明释放ECS实例需谨慎。

#  coding=utf-8
rr# if the python sdk is not install using 'sudo pip install aliyun-python-sdk-ecs'
# if the python sdk is install using 'sudo pip install --upgrade aliyun-python-sdk-ecs'
# make sure the sdk version is 2.1.2, you can use command 'pip show aliyun-python-sdk-ecs' to check

import json
import logging
from aliyunsdkcore import client
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.DeleteInstanceRequest import DeleteInstanceRequest
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.DescribeInstancesRequest import DescribeInstancesRequest
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.ModifyInstanceAutoReleaseTimeRequest import \
    ModifyInstanceAutoReleaseTimeRequest
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.StopInstanceRequest import StopInstanceRequest

# configuration the log output formatter, if you want to save the output to file,
# append ",filename='ecs_invoke.log'" after datefmt.

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                    datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S')
clt = client.AcsClient('<accessKeyId>', '<accessSecret>', '<region-Id>')


def stop_instance(instance_id, force_stop=False):
    '''
    stop one ecs instance.
    :param instance_id: instance id of the ecs instance, like 'i-***'.
    :param force_stop: if force stop is true, it will force stop the server and not ensure the data
    write to disk correctly.
    :return:
    '''
    request = StopInstanceRequest()
    request.set_InstanceId(instance_id)
    request.set_ForceStop(force_stop)
    logging.info("Stop %s command submit successfully.", instance_id)
    _send_request(request)


def describe_instance_detail(instance_id):
    '''
    describe instance detail
    :param instance_id: instance id of the ecs instance, like 'i-***'.
    :return:
    '''
    request = DescribeInstancesRequest()
    request.set_InstanceIds(json.dumps([instance_id]))
    response = _send_request(request)
    if response is not None:
        instance_list = response.get('Instances').get('Instance')
        if len(instance_list) > 0:
            return instance_list[0]


def check_auto_release_time_ready(instance_id):
    detail = describe_instance_detail(instance_id=instance_id)
    if detail is not None:
        release_time = detail.get('AutoReleaseTime')
        return release_time


def release_instance(instance_id, force=False):
    '''
    delete instance according instance id, only support after pay instance.
    :param instance_id: instance id of the ecs instance, like 'i-***'.
    :param force:
    if force is false, you need to make the ecs instance stopped, you can
    execute the delete action.
    If force is true, you can delete the instance even the instance is running.
    :return:
    '''
    request = DeleteInstanceRequest();
    request.set_InstanceId(instance_id)
    request.set_Force(force)
    _send_request(request)


def set_instance_auto_release_time(instance_id, time_to_release=None):
    '''
    setting instance auto delete time
    :param instance_id: instance id of the ecs instance, like 'i-***'.
    :param time_to_release: if the property is setting, such as '2017-01-30T00:00:00Z'
    it means setting the instance to be release at that time.
    if the property is None, it means cancel the auto delete time.
    :return:
    '''
    request = ModifyInstanceAutoReleaseTimeRequest()
    request.set_InstanceId(instance_id)
    if time_to_release is not None:
        request.set_AutoReleaseTime(time_to_release)
    _send_request(request)
    release_time = check_auto_release_time_ready(instance_id)
    logging.info("Check instance %s auto release time setting is %s. ", instance_id, release_time)


def _send_request(request):
    '''
    send open api request
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    request.set_accept_format('json')
    try:
        response_str = clt.do_action(request)
        logging.info(response_str)
        response_detail = json.loads(response_str)
        return response_detail
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(e)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    logging.info("Release ecs instance by Aliyun OpenApi!")
    stop_instance('i-bp1aet7s13lfpjop****')
    # set_instance_auto_release_time('i-bp1187lghfcy8nnz****', '2020-04-17T06:00:00Z')
    # set_instance_auto_release_time('i-bp1aet7s13lfpjop****')
    # release_instance('i-bp1aet7s13lfpjop****')
    # release_instance('i-bp1aet7s13lfpjop****', True)

停止ECS实例

释放ECS实例，首先要求您的ECS实例处于停止状态。当ECS实例停止后，若影响到应用，您可以将ECS实例重新启动。

停止ECS实例的指令非常简单，且对于按量付费和包年包月都是一样的。停止ECS实例的一个参数是ForceStop，若属性设置为true，它将类似于断电，直接停止ECS实例，但不承诺数据能写到磁盘中。如果仅仅为了释放ECS实例，这个可以设置为true。

def stop_instance(instance_id, force_stop=False):
    '''
    stop one ecs instance.
    :param instance_id: instance id of the ecs instance, like 'i-***'.
    :param force_stop: if force stop is true, it will force stop the server and not ensure the data
    write to disk correctly.
    :return:
    '''
    request = StopInstanceRequest()
    request.set_InstanceId(instance_id)
    request.set_ForceStop(force_stop)
    logging.info("Stop %s command submit successfully.", instance_id)
    _send_request(request)

释放ECS实例

如果您没有停止ECS实例直接执行释放，可能会有如下报错：

{"RequestId":"3C6DEAB4-7207-411F-9A31-6ADE54C268BE","HostId":"ecs-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com","Code":"IncorrectInstanceStatus","Message":"The current status of the resource does not support this operation."}

当ECS实例处于 Stopped状态时，您可以执行释放ECS实例。释放ECS实例的方法比较简单，参数如下：

InstanceId：实例的ID。
force：如果将这个参数设置为true，将会执行强制释放。即使ECS实例不是Stopped状态也可以释放。执行的时候请务必小心，以防错误释放影响您的业务。

释放ECS实例的Request如下：

def release_instance(instance_id, force=False):
    '''
    delete instance according instance id, only support after pay instance.
    :param instance_id: instance id of the ecs instance, like 'i-***'.
    :param force:
    if force is false, you need to make the ecs instance stopped, you can
    execute the delete action.
    If force is true, you can delete the instance even the instance is running.
    :return:
    '''
    request = DeleteInstanceRequest();
    request.set_InstanceId(instance_id)
    request.set_Force(force)
    _send_request(request)

释放ECS实例成功的Response如下：

{"RequestId":"689E5813-D150-4664-AF6F-2A27BB4986A3"}

设置ECS实例的自动释放时间

为了更加简化对ECS实例的管理，您可以自定义ECS实例的释放时间。到达释放时间时，阿里云将自动为您释放ECS实例，无需手动执行释放。

说明自动释放时间按照ISO8601标准表示，并需要使用UTC时间。格式为：yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ。如果秒不是00，则自动取为当前分钟开始计时。自动释放的时间范围：当前时间后30分钟~当前时间起3年。

def set_instance_auto_release_time(instance_id, time_to_release = None):
    '''
    setting instance auto delete time
    :param instance_id: instance id of the ecs instance, like 'i-***'.
    :param time_to_release: if the property is setting, such as '2017-01-30T00:00:00Z'
    it means setting the instance to be release at that time.
    if the property is None, it means cancel the auto delete time.
    :return:
    '''
    request = ModifyInstanceAutoReleaseTimeRequest()
    request.set_InstanceId(instance_id)
    if time_to_release is not None:
        request.set_AutoReleaseTime(time_to_release)
    _send_request(request)

执行set_instance_auto_release_time(‘i-1111’, ‘2017-01-30T00:00:00Z’)后完成设置。

执行设置成功后，您可以通过DescribeInstances来查询自动释放的时间设置。

def describe_instance_detail(instance_id):
    '''
    describe instance detail
    :param instance_id: instance id of the ecs instance, like 'i-***'.
    :return:
    '''
    request = DescribeInstancesRequest()
    request.set_InstanceIds(json.dumps([instance_id]))
    response = _send_request(request)
    if response is not None:
        instance_list = response.get('Instances').get('Instance')
        if len(instance_list) > 0:
            return instance_list[0]
def check_auto_release_time_ready(instance_id):
    detail = describe_instance_detail(instance_id=instance_id)
    if detail is not None:
        release_time = detail.get('AutoReleaseTime')
        return release_time

取消自动释放设置

如果您的业务有变化，需要取消自动释放设置。只需执行命令将自动释放时间设置为空即可。

set_instance_auto_release_time('i-1111')

云服务器 ECS